Convert dates between the Gregorian calendar and the 13-month Ethiopian (Ge'ez) calendar with exact mathematical precision.
Ethiopian month calendar with corresponding Gregorian days displayed underneath
Calculate Great Lent (ዐቢይ ጾም), Nineveh, Fasika (ፋሲካ), and the Evangelist for any Ethiopian year with the interactive Bahire Hasab engine.
The Ethiopian calendar (Ge'ez calendar or የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር) is a solar calendar based on the ancient Alexandrian and Coptic systems, lagging 7 to 8 years behind the Western Gregorian calendar. The year consists of thirteen months: twelve consecutive months of exactly thirty days each, followed by a thirteenth intercalary month called Pagume (ጳጉሜ) consisting of five days, or six days during a leap year. The seven-to-eight-year divergence originates from differing calculations regarding the Annunciation of Jesus Christ established by monk Annianus of Alexandria in 400 AD versus Dionysius Exiguus in 525 AD. New Year's Day (Enkutatash) falls on September 11 in Gregorian common years and September 12 immediately preceding leap years. Leap years follow an unadjusted four-year cycle without century exclusions. Users convert dates between Gregorian and Ethiopian calendars using deterministic mathematical algorithms based on Julian day numbers.
Each of the first 12 months consists of exactly 30 days. The year finishes with Pagumē, the 13th intercalary month consisting of 5 or 6 days.
| # | Ethiopian Month | Ge'ez Fidel | Days | Gregorian Equivalent | Season (ወቅት) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meskerem | መስከረም | 30 | Sep 11 / 12 | Spring (Tseday) |
| 2 | Tikimt | ጥቅምት | 30 | Oct 11 / 12 | Spring (Tseday) |
| 3 | Hidar | ኅዳር | 30 | Nov 10 / 11 | Spring (Tseday) |
| 4 | Tahsas | ታኅሣሥ | 30 | Dec 10 / 11 | Winter (Bega) |
| 5 | Tir | ጥር | 30 | Jan 9 / 10 | Winter (Bega) |
| 6 | Yakatit | የካቲት | 30 | Feb 8 / 9 | Winter (Bega) |
| 7 | Magabit | መጋቢት | 30 | Mar 10 | Autumn (Belg) |
| 8 | Miyazya | ሚያዝያ | 30 | Apr 9 | Autumn (Belg) |
| 9 | Ginbot | ግንቦት | 30 | May 9 | Autumn (Belg) |
| 10 | Sene | ሰኔ | 30 | Jun 8 | Summer (Kiremt) |
| 11 | Hamle | ሐምሌ | 30 | Jul 8 | Summer (Kiremt) |
| 12 | Nehase | ነሐሴ | 30 | Aug 7 | Summer (Kiremt) |
| 13 | Pagume | ጳጉሜ | 5 | Sep 6 | Transition |
The gap originates from different theological calculations for the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church adheres to the Alexandrian computus calculated by monk Annianus of Alexandria around 400 CE, which placed Christ's birth about 7–8 years later than the calculations made by Dionysius Exiguus in Rome in 525 CE. Consequently, from September 11 to December 31 the Ethiopian calendar is 7 years behind the Gregorian calendar, and from January 1 to September 10 it is 8 years behind.
The Ethiopian calendar is divided into 12 equal months of exactly 30 days each (360 days total), plus a 13th month called Pagumē (ጳጉሜ) containing the remaining 5 epagomenal days (or 6 days in a leap year). Because Ethiopia enjoys sunny, tropical highland weather throughout much of the year, the slogan '13 Months of Sunshine' became a famous national tourism trademark celebrating this unique calendar structure.
The Ethiopian calendar follows a straightforward 4-year leap cycle without century exceptions (identical to the Julian calendar). Every 4 years, an extra leap day is appended to the 13th month, making Pagumē 6 days long instead of 5 days. An Ethiopian year is a leap year whenever the year modulo 4 equals 3 (e.g., 2015, 2019, 2023 E.C.).
1. Meskerem (መስከረም), 2. Tikimt (ጥቅምት), 3. Hidar (ኅዳር), 4. Tahsas (ታኅሣሥ), 5. Tir (ጥር), 6. Yakatit (የካቲት), 7. Magabit (መጋቢት), 8. Miyazya (ሚያዝያ), 9. Ginbot (ግንቦት), 10. Sene (ሰኔ), 11. Hamle (ሐምሌ), 12. Nehase (ነሐሴ), and 13. Pagume (ጳጉሜ).
Working on documents, interviews, or research referencing Ethiopian dates and events? Andebet's AI preserves exact Ge'ez numbers and fidel spelling.